Strong Organic Base

What You Need To know about Organic Makeup Brands!

Organic makeup brands are slowly making their way to the market. A lot of people now days have realized the great benefits they can have in choosing organic cosmetics over other commercially produced brands containing harmful chemicals. There are even various name brand cosmetics that are even trying to create their own organic brands.

There are a lot of cosmetic products in the market today that are claiming they are certified organic makeup brands and contain all natural ingredients. However, a lot of these products have certain components added to them, such as chemical preservatives. Having these additives no longer make these organic, but these organic companies tend to loose a lot of money if their products have a short shelf life and they are not able to stock pile them.

What’s not good about having additive components to these cosmetic products is that it can actually have unwanted effects to your skin. It can cause dryness and blocked pores to name a few. Which if not taken care of, can lead to very serious skin conditions.

Additive components are too strong for most skin types to handle. Most skin types, especially the sensitive ones, can only handle mild ingredients which are mostly found in organic brands.

For companies to be able to call their brands organic makeup brands, cosmetic companies must be able to stick with natural ingredients for the organic brands to be genuinely organic. Even though adding preservatives in cosmetic products to give them a longer shelf life is still being done, however only small amounts are used so that they can still be called organic cosmetics even though they truly aren’t. However, it is still best for most consumers to still check the details and ingredients of organic beauty products to see what percentage of organic ingredients are actual present in the products, and to confirm how natural the product really is.

Different cosmetic companies are classified by the products they specialize in, whether they are organic brands or non-organic based cosmetics. But if a company known for making non-organic makeup claims that they now produce organic brands, consumers looking for purely organic makeup brands should be wary when using their products

Anyone buying natural cosmetics should read the product ingredients and do research before purchasing. You should take time to read about the organic cosmetic products to make sure that you are spending your money on a truly organic products.

Sorting out which products are truly organic makeup brands, and which are the imposers who want the business of the organic consumer, but do not want to make the sacrifices necessary for making all natural organic makeup is vital for finding good organic makeup. So so don’t take a company’s word for it. Do your own research.

So good luck, and don’t give up the search for organic makeup brands.

Organic Chemistry – Acid/Base Ranking Questions?

So I have my first ochem final in two days and I’m not really sure how to attack acid/base ranking questions. Here’s an example:

First off, it’s a long answer, but really read it and it may help you. Here is how you should look at it. First realize that the strength of an acid is directly proportional to the STABILITY of the acids conjugate base. So an acid with a more stable conjugate base will be more acidic than an acid with a less stable conjugate base. What do you know about conjugate bases? Well, conjugate bases are usually negatively charged. So think about what structural features help to stabilize a negative charge. Electronegativity is one. Other features that stabilize negative charge are the size of the atom that charged, hybridization, and resonance. The size of the atom helps stabilize the charge because it allows that negative charge to be spread out over a larger area. Thus, reducing electron electron repulsion. For example, HI and HF. Which is the stronger acid? Look at the conjugate bases. I- and F-. They both have the same negative charge. However, I- is much larger and has that negative charge spread out. So HI is a stronger acid. Here’s how hybridization plays a role. Conjugate bases have excess electrons. Lone pair anions prefer to reside in orbitals with more S character than P character because S orbitals are closer to the atoms nucleus which means the electrons are more stabilized by being closer to the nucleus. So consider Methane and Ethyne. Which is a stronger acid? Look at the conjugate base again. Removing a proton (H) from either of these puts negative charge on Carbon. Well, they are the same size so that won’t help. The difference is that one carbon is sp3 hybridized and ethyne is sp hybridized. So ethyne has a more stable conjugate base and it therefore the stronger acid. Here’s how resonance plays a role. Just understand this fact. Resonance allows negative charge to be spread out amongnst multiple atoms. That stabilizes the molecule. So consider Ethanol and Acetic acid (you may have to look these structures up to understand). Remove a proton and you get the conjugate base. In ethanol CB, the negative charge is localized to one oxygen atom. In acetic acid, the negative charge is spread amongst two oxygen atoms. So acetic acid is the stronger acid. So for your acids, the conjugate bases are CH3S-, NH2-, H20, CH3O-. In CH3S- the negative charge is on S. In NH2- the charge is on N. In CH3O- the charge is on O, and H20 is neutral and not charged so it’s very stable. So right there you know the H3O is the strongest acid because it’s CB is neutral and stable. It “want’s” to get rid of an H which is what acids do. How do we decide between the others? Remember the charge in the CB is on S, N, and O. Which handles negative charge best? O and N are both very similar in size so size won’t matter when comparing them. How do they differ? O is more electronegative than N so O is more stable with the charge and therefore CH3OH is stronger than NH3. What about the CH3S-? Well, S is larger than O and N. So when it has the negative charge, it allows it to be spread out more. So CH3SH is stronger than CH3OH and NH3. So your order is H3O+>CH3SH>CH3OH>NH3
So always look at the conjugate base when comparing acid strengths. This way you don’t have to memorize pka values. All you have to do is remember to think about what structural features stabilize negative charge.

Oops! Just realized you had HN3 and not NH3. Doesn’t matter though. Use the rules. HN3 has resonance capabilities so the order is instead. H3O+>HN3>CH3SH>CH3OH

Chemistry: Weak Base-Strong Acid Titration

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